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- AI Breast Tumor Predictions, 'Dark Oxygen' Discovered, Irregular Sleep Increases Diabetes Risk, Russian Space Station Plans
AI Breast Tumor Predictions, 'Dark Oxygen' Discovered, Irregular Sleep Increases Diabetes Risk, Russian Space Station Plans
Rob
July 23, 2024
🤖 Computer Science
Pomegranate orchards can benefit from intelligent systems for better yield and labor management. YOLO-Granada, an improved YOLOv5 algorithm, offers fast and accurate pomegranate detection using a lightweight ShuffleNetv2 network. It achieves 0.922 accuracy, is 17.3% faster, and detects 8.66 images per second, enabling real-time use. An Android app was developed for practical orchard management.
DCIS, a preinvasive breast cancer, is often overtreated. MIT and ETH Zurich developed an AI model to accurately stage DCIS using breast tissue images. The model aligns well with pathologist assessments and could streamline diagnoses, allowing clinicians to focus on complex cases.
⚛️ Physics and Chemistry
Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) studies the forces within atomic nuclei, focusing on quarks and gluons inside protons and neutrons. A key aspect is the "trace anomaly," a quantum effect influencing the balance of forces within nucleons. Recent research measures this anomaly via charmonium production, with findings from the Thomas Jefferson National Laboratory and the future Electron Ion Collider. The study is published in Physics Letters B.
High-speed images have revealed a new mode of dielectric breakdown in polymethyl methacrylate, described as the fastest physical phenomena visually observed in a solid-state material.
🧬 Biology & Medicine
New research reveals that potato-sized metallic nodules on the Pacific Ocean seafloor produce oxygen in complete darkness without any living organisms. This "dark oxygen" discovery, unprecedented in deep-sea studies, challenges existing knowledge about the emergence of life on Earth. Initially, researchers suspected faulty sensors, but consistent results confirmed the groundbreaking find.
A new UK Biobank study found that irregular sleep duration increases diabetes risk in middle-aged to older adults. Analyzing over 84,000 participants, researchers discovered a 34% higher risk for those with inconsistent sleep patterns compared to those with regular sleep. Consistent 7-9 hours of sleep nightly is crucial for reducing diabetes risk.
Researchers at Penn State College of Medicine discovered a new treatment target for HTLV-1-associated diseases by blocking kinases, leading to the degradation of the essential viral protein Tax and resulting in cell death. HTLV-1 infects 10-20 million people globally, causing serious conditions like ATLL and HAM/TSP in about 10% of cases. The findings were published in Nature Communications.
🔭 Space & Astronomy
Russia has announced a roadmap for its new space station, the Russian Orbital Service Station (ROSS), with the first module set to launch in 2027. The station, designed with an X-shaped structure, aims to have its major modules in place by 2030 and will include two special-purpose modules by 2033. Roscosmos plans to send cosmonauts in 2028, though the station can operate unmanned.
NASA's TRICE-2 rocket data revealed that waves in Earth's magnetic field not only accelerate electrons but also protons in the upper atmosphere. This discovery sheds new light on how our upper atmosphere is energized.
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