🤖 Tech & Computer Science

Apple AirPods Pro granted FDA approval to serve as hearing aids

At Apple's "It’s Glowtime" event, a notable update was announced for AirPods Pro 2. A software update, pending FDA approval, will allow the earbuds to function as over-the-counter hearing aids. The FDA has since approved this, marking the first OTC hearing aid software on a consumer audio product. This update helps adults with mild to moderate hearing loss by amplifying key sounds and will be accessible in iOS 18 for users who meet the hearing test criteria.

Similarity and economy of scale in urban transportation networks and optimal transport-based infrastructures

This study presents a method for designing urban transportation networks based on optimal transport theory and economy of scale. Unlike traditional approaches, the method generates networks from scratch using minimal input, without assuming pre-existing infrastructure. By analyzing real urban train, tram, and subway systems, the researchers found similarities between simulated and actual networks. The method can also be tuned to simulate different types of networks, offering potential improvements and a quantitative way to measure similarity between networks.

⚛️ Physics and Chemistry

Carbon defect in boron nitride creates first omnidirectional magnetometer

Researchers in Australia have discovered a carbon-based defect in the 2D material hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) that could serve as a versatile quantum sensor, capable of detecting magnetic fields from any direction—something not possible with current sensors. The defect also allows for temperature detection and, due to its atomically thin structure, can conform to uneven surfaces. This makes it more flexible than existing diamond-based sensors, which rely on nitrogen vacancy (NV–) centers to detect weak magnetic fields.

Quantum researchers cause controlled 'wobble' in the nucleus of a single atom

Researchers at Delft University of Technology manipulated the nucleus of a Ti-47 atom to interact with an outer electron, using a scanning tunneling microscope. This breakthrough, published in Nature Communications, suggests the potential for storing quantum information in the atom's nucleus, protected from external interference.

Teaching enzymes new reactions through genetic code expansion and directed evolution

Anthony Green's research group at the University of Manchester designs artificial enzymes with catalytic functions beyond those found in nature. Their approach involves modifying enzyme structures using an expanded genetic code, going beyond the 20 amino acids nature uses. Their goal is to create enzymes that efficiently produce chemicals needed by society.

🧬 Biology & Medicine

The brain aged more slowly in monkeys given a cheap diabetes drug

A study found that the diabetes drug metformin slowed aging in male monkeys, particularly benefiting brain health. Monkeys on metformin showed less brain decline, enhanced cognition, and better liver function compared to untreated monkeys. The findings suggest metformin could potentially delay aging in humans.

New blood test detects ALS with 98% accuracy, offering hope for earlier diagnosis

A new blood test could speed up the diagnosis of ALS, allowing earlier treatment to slow disease progression. The test detects eight microRNAs, small molecules from nervous system cells, which act as a "fingerprint" for ALS. In a study, it was 98% accurate in identifying ALS from 119 diagnosed patients compared to 150 without the disease. However, further tests are needed to determine if it can differentiate ALS from other neurological conditions like Parkinson's.

New gene variants linked to early menopause and cancer risk identified

A Nature study links de novo mutation rates, ovarian aging, and cancer risk, highlighting how genetic variation impacts menopause timing and reproductive health. It identifies around 300 genetic loci associated with menopause and rare gene variants like CLPB, CHEK2, and BRCA2 as influential.

🔭 Space & Astronomy

Sun fires off X-class solar flare, increasing aurora viewing chances into weekend

This week’s solar activity, including an X1.3-class solar flare from a new sunspot, increases chances to view the aurora in the U.S. The flare caused disruptions in high-frequency radio signals and was followed by M-class flares from two other sunspots. NOAA’s Space Weather Prediction Center is monitoring further impacts on Earth's magnetic field.

Testing Europa Clipper’s Solar Arrays

On August 21, 2024, NASA's Europa Clipper spacecraft's giant solar arrays were successfully tested. Each array is about 46.5 feet long and 13.5 feet high. Scheduled for launch on October 10, 2024, Europa Clipper will investigate Jupiter's moon Europa, which may have a subsurface ocean with potential for life.

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