🤖 Computer Science

Natural language boosts LLM performance in coding, planning, and robotics

Three neurosymbolic approaches assist language models in identifying improved abstractions within natural language and subsequently utilizing these representations to perform intricate tasks.

Self-Play Preference Optimization for Language Model Alignment

Recent advancements propose that directly utilizing preference probabilities may better capture human preferences, overcoming the limitations of traditional reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) methods using parametric models like the Bradley-Terry model. In this paper, a self-play-based approach for language model alignment is introduced, treating the problem as a constant-sum two-player game to identify the Nash equilibrium policy.

⚛️ Physics and Chemistry

Carbon-negative cement can be made with a mineral that helps catch CO2

Dissolving olivine in acid offers a potential method to generate abundant and energy-efficient material for producing carbon-negative cement.

Scientists show that there is indeed an 'entropy' of quantum entanglement

Through probabilistic calculations, Bartosz Regula from the RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing and Ludovico Lami from the University of Amsterdam have confirmed the existence of a rule of entropy for quantum entanglement, as previously hypothesized.

BREAD experiment tracks dark photons to new levels

Developers in the United States have created a groundbreaking detector aimed at uncovering elusive "dark" photons, setting new limits on potential locations of this type of dark matter. Using a coaxial dish antenna, the detector efficiently captures and channels photons, offering promise for future enhancements in sensitivity and scalability.

🧬 Biology & Medicine

Woman's Sudden Blindness in One Eye Turned Out to Be Lung Cancer

Last month, doctors in India reported a peculiar case where a woman's blindness in her right eye was linked to metastatic lung cancer, marking what appears to be the first documented instance of its kind.

Super-detailed map of brain cells that keep us awake could improve our understanding of consciousness

An updated brain network map responsible for maintaining wakefulness in humans may enhance our comprehension of consciousness.

Vaccine Against Urinary Tract Infections in Development

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are prevalent bacterial infections that often necessitate antibiotic treatment and can recur frequently. To address concerns about antibiotic resistance, alternative therapies are being explored. One such option is the MV140 vaccine, produced by Immunotek, currently in phase 2-3 trials and accessible through special access programs in multiple countries, with recent approvals in Mexico and the Dominican Republic and pending registration in Canada.

🔭 Space & Astronomy

Watch SpaceX's Crew-8 astronauts move their Dragon capsule to make way for Boeing's Starliner

The Dragon, named Endeavour, is scheduled to undock from the forward-facing port of the station's Harmony module on Thursday at 7:45 a.m. EDT (1145 GMT), then autonomously dock with Harmony's space-facing port at 8:28 a.m. EDT (1228 GMT). Watch live in link.

Radioisotope Thermoradiative Cell Power Generator

In this project, researchers aim to advance Phase I initiatives focused on pioneering a novel power source for outer planet missions using the thermoradiative cell (TRC). Functioning akin to a reverse solar cell, the TRC harnesses heat from a radioisotope source, transforming it into infrared light emitted into the frigid depths of space, thus generating electricity.

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