🤖 Computer Science

Prediction of HPC compressive strength based on machine learning

Predicting High-Performance Concrete (HPC) strength is complex. This study combines BP Neural Network (BPNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Genetic Algorithm (GA) to improve accuracy. Using a dataset of 454 entries, results showed that the GA-SVM model outperformed others, with the water-binder ratio being the most significant factor. This research offers valuable insights for future HPC studies.

Study: When allocating scarce resources with AI, randomization can improve fairness

Organizations use machine-learning models to allocate resources, like screening job candidates or ranking kidney transplant patients. Typically, bias is reduced by adjusting model features or calibrating scores. However, MIT and Northeastern University researchers argue these methods don't fully address structural injustices. Their new paper suggests that structured randomization of model decisions can enhance fairness in certain cases.

⚛️ Physics and Chemistry

The experimental observation of a dissipative time crystal in a Rydberg gas

A dissipative time crystal, a phase of matter with periodic oscillations while dissipating energy, differs from conventional time crystals which occur in closed systems. Researchers at Tsinghua University observed this phenomenon in a strongly interacting Rydberg gas at room temperature. Their findings, published in Nature Physics, were unexpected, emerging from experiments during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Forgotten borole synthesis expands family of antiaromatic compounds

Researchers in Germany have synthesized the borole compound 1,2,3-triphenyl-1-boraindene for the first time. This compound features a borole ring fused with a single aryl ring and 1,2,3-triphenyl substituents. It had been overlooked due to a focus on non-fused and doubly-fused borole systems.

🧬 Biology & Medicine

Delgocitinib Cream Effective for Chronic Hand Eczema in Phase 3 Studies

Topical delgocitinib, a pan-Janus kinase inhibitor, effectively reduced the severity and symptoms of moderate to severe chronic hand eczema in two phase 3 trials. Delgocitinib showed higher treatment success rates and significantly reduced eczema itch and pain compared to the vehicle. It also led to greater improvements in the Hand Eczema Severity Index scores.

How indoor microbiomes shape our health and well-being

The microbial ecology of indoor spaces significantly impacts human health, affecting the immune, neurological, and endocrine systems. A review in Nature Reviews Microbiology explores indoor microbiome dynamics and their health implications, emphasizing how urban design choices contribute to antibiotic-resistant bacteria. It also highlights technological advances and interventions to improve public health.

🔭 Space & Astronomy

21 'one-in-a-million' extreme dead stars found hiding around sun-like stars

Astronomers have discovered 21 rare binary systems where sun-like stars orbit hidden neutron stars, one of which is among the most massive ever found. Despite the commonness of binary systems, with at least half of sun-like stars existing in them, neutron star-sun-like star pairs are extremely rare. This new population was identified using the European Space Agency's Gaia spacecraft.

Primordial black holes contain very little dark matter, say astronomers

New analyses of 20 years of data from the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) indicate that the unusually massive black holes detected by LIGO and VIRGO contain only a small fraction of dark matter, if any. This finding suggests these black holes are unlikely to have formed from early universe conditions and raises doubts about their role in dark matter, prompting researchers to reconsider their origins.

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