🤖 Tech & Computer Science

Retinal imaging based glaucoma detection using modified pelican optimization based extreme learning machine

A study proposes an advanced computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) model for glaucoma detection using fundus images. It employs fast discrete curvelet transform (FDCT-WRP) for feature extraction, feature reduction through PCA and LDA, and classification with a modified pelican optimization algorithm (MOD-POA) and extreme learning machine (ELM). Tested on G1020 and ORIGA datasets, it achieved high accuracy (93.25% and 96.75%, respectively). Explainable AI techniques like Grad-CAM and SmoothGrad were used to enhance model interpretability, advancing reliable glaucoma detection in healthcare automation.

Textured Gaussians for Enhanced 3D Scene Appearance Modeling

A new method improves 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) for 3D reconstruction by integrating alpha, RGB, or RGBA texture maps to enhance each Gaussian's expressivity. This approach allows Gaussians to represent spatially varying color and opacity, overcoming the prior limitations of single-color and ellipsoid geometry. Validated on benchmark datasets, the method shows significant image quality improvements with fewer Gaussians compared to existing techniques, offering richer texture patterns and finer geometric detail.

⚛️ Physics and Chemistry

Researchers find a possible solution to the cosmic ray muon puzzle

Scientists have observed an excess of muons at Earth's surface from cosmic ray collisions, challenging standard physics models. Researchers propose "gluon condensation" during the first atmospheric collision as a possible explanation. High-energy cosmic rays interact with atmospheric nuclei, producing particles that decay into muons. Special relativity explains their survival to the surface, but their observed flux exceeds predictions by 30-60%. Gluon condensation, where gluon distributions compact at ultrahigh energies, might influence particle production, potentially resolving this muon surplus. Further investigation is required.

Optimization algorithm gives laser fusion a boost

Researchers at the University of Bordeaux developed a new algorithm to enhance fusion reactor performance by optimizing laser pulse uniformity in direct-drive inertial confinement fusion (ICF). Simulations at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) showed this technique could triple pressures and nearly double fuel densities compared to earlier results. The method drastically reduces computational costs, enabling thousands of iterations instead of a few, and automates the optimization process. This innovation could improve energy output in fusion experiments globally.

🧬 Biology & Medicine

Sleep-Disordered Breathing Common After Stroke

A meta-analysis of 85 studies found that sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) affects 65% of stroke patients, with prevalence highest in Asia (70%) and lowest in North America (57%). SDB rates remained stable from 2010 to 2023. The highest prevalence was observed during the subacute stroke stage, with severe or moderate SDB affecting 45% of patients. Key factors influencing prevalence included sex and study size. Researchers emphasize the need for early SDB detection post-stroke to improve care. Findings were published in Frontiers in Neurology.

UQ researchers move closer to developing topical cream for skin cancers in transplant patients

University of Queensland researchers are advancing a topical cream to prevent and treat skin cancers in organ transplant patients, supported by $344,000 in funding. Developed with QEDDI, the cream uses a novel drug to combat squamous cell carcinomas and Kaposi's sarcoma, which are risks due to immunosuppressants. Currently, no FDA-approved treatments exist for these cancers in transplant recipients. The funding will enable pre-clinical testing and formulation for human use. A patent has been filed for the molecule, with clinical trials anticipated in the future.

🔭 Space & Astronomy

China to launch next-generation Beidou satellites in 2027

China plans to advance its Beidou satellite navigation system by 2035, with next-gen satellites providing highly accurate global and near-Earth navigation. The roadmap includes research by 2025, test satellites by 2027, and full deployment by 2035. The new system will integrate with non-satellite technologies and support diverse applications, from civilian use to enhanced military capabilities. Beidou, already competitive with GPS, could surpass it, expanding China’s influence and soft power. This aligns with China's broader initiative to unify satellite services under the Space-Ground Integrated Information Network.

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