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High Temperature Superconductivity, Obesity Drugs From India & China, Walking Helps Against Back Pain, Yet Another SpaceX Launch

🤖 Computer Science

A new framework extends SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) to both text and tabular data, analyzing pet mortality risk factors in UK veterinary records. The top method, PetBERT, a veterinary-specific language model, excels at interpreting text. This approach enhances transparency and understanding in clinical decision-making.

Merging Large Language Models (LLMs) often results in misalignment. This work reveals that current methods propagate misalignment along with expertise. We propose a two-step solution: generate synthetic safety and domain-specific data, and integrate it into the merging process. This improves both domain expertise and safety alignment in the resulting models.

⚛️ Physics and Chemistry

A study in Physical Review Letters suggests quadratic electron-phonon coupling could enhance superconductivity by forming quantum bipolarons. This interaction between electrons and lattice vibrations is crucial for creating Cooper pairs, which enable superconductivity. The research highlights that both linear and quadratic couplings can improve this effect.

Researchers at CERN's Large Hadron Collider measured the speed of sound in quark–gluon plasma from high-energy lead collisions. This precise test of lattice QCD could inform neutron star physics. At high energies, quarks and gluons form a nearly viscosity-free plasma, crucial for understanding strong interactions.

Researchers have developed a method to modify natural sugars without protective groups, simplifying the process. This new technique uses light-activated chemistry with redox-active thioglycosides, allowing for efficient single-step glycosylation, inspired by nature's efficiency.

🧬 Biology & Medicine

Indian and Chinese companies are preparing to produce cheaper versions of blockbuster obesity drugs like Wegovy as patents expire. This aims to expand global access, particularly in countries with high obesity rates such as India and China, meeting strong demand for these medications.

Regular walking reduces recurrent low back pain episodes, according to a study in The Lancet. Participants in a personalized walking program had fewer recurrences and longer pain-free periods compared to controls. The Australian WalkBack program was cost-effective, reducing work absenteeism and healthcare visits for low back pain.

Researchers at The Ohio State University have identified special white blood cells with the potential to regrow nerve fibers, marking a significant advancement in medical science. By stimulating these cells with specific molecules, they aim to develop treatments to reverse nerve damage in conditions like optic nerve and spinal cord injuries.

đź”­ Space & Astronomy

SpaceX accomplished a successful launch of the Astra 1P satellite for SES, a Luxembourg-based telecom company, from Cape Canaveral Space Force Station. This marked their 250th successful landing of a Falcon 9 rocket on an ocean-based droneship, following a brief delay due to weather concerns earlier in the week.

NASA and over 20 federal agencies have updated their Climate Adaptation Plan to bolster resilience against climate change impacts. This supports the Biden-Harris Administration’s National Climate Resilience Framework, focusing on sustainability and Earth observation.

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