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Risk Genes Nearly Guarantee Alzheimers, Sound Suppressing Silk, Satellite Flood Predictions

🤖 Computer Science

Adversarial information operations can disrupt societies by influencing elections, public opinions, and promoting scams. This paper examines whether large language models like GPT-3.5 can improve our understanding of these campaigns through coordinated campaign annotation.

This paper addresses the challenge of prediction difficulty in machine learning by introducing three new metrics designed for individual case assessment using fully-connected feedforward neural networks. Previous studies have proposed metrics for this purpose, but they often rely on specific dataset conditions, limiting their applicability.

⚛️ Physics and Chemistry

In response to the pervasive issue of unwanted noise in our environment, researchers from MIT and other institutions have devised a sound-suppressing silk fabric. This innovative material aims to mitigate noise pollution, potentially enabling the creation of quieter spaces amidst the cacophony of everyday life.

Scientists from Oak Ridge National Laboratory have published a study in the Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation challenging the commonly accepted time step of 2 femtoseconds in simulating molecular dynamics of water. Their research suggests that time steps larger than 0.5 femtoseconds can lead to errors in both dynamics and thermodynamics, particularly when using a rigid-body description.

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has approved a rule prohibiting most applications of dichloromethane, or methylene chloride. This chemical, often utilized as a paint remover, has been associated with numerous fatalities and serious health concerns, including cancer. The decision, disclosed on April 30 under the Toxic Substances Control Act (Tsca), comes approximately a year after the agency initially proposed the action.

🧬 Biology & Medicine

Individuals with two copies of the APOE4 gene are almost certain to develop Alzheimer's disease and may experience symptoms at a younger age, according to a study published in Nature Medicine. This finding suggests that carriers of this genetic variant may represent a distinct genetic form of Alzheimer's, potentially influencing research, diagnosis, and treatment strategies for the disease.

Researchers at MIT have discovered that sperm whales' clicking communications contain context and combination structures, suggesting a level of complexity akin to language. This finding challenges previous understanding of whale communication and highlights the sophisticated nature of their messaging.

As part of the University of Colorado Department of Medicine's annual Research Day, held on April 23, faculty member Christine Swanson, MD, MCR, described her National Institutes of Health-funded clinical research on whether adequate sleep can help prevent osteoporosis. 

🔭 Space & Astronomy

The NOAA's Geostationary Extended Observations (GeoXO) satellite system aims to deliver crucial environmental data spanning from land to sea and sky.

NASA and the French space agency have collaborated on a satellite project aimed at enhancing flood forecasts for Earth's rivers, lakes, and reservoirs.

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